Copy filename from the clipboard and rename selected item (using Path Finder)

Assuming you will select the file manually to rename, then the process is fairly easily done as shown in the (Working with the Finder Selection topic.

I could be as simple as:

Rename File %Variable%Path% to %CurrentClipboard%

If you want to keep the extension, then you will need to do a bit more work, using the Get File Attribute action to get the current extension and include it in the rename.